By JAHDA SWANBOROUGH WEF AFRICA / 5 MAY 2017,

DOWNSIDE: Unsafe levels of air pollution for 92% of the world’s population, climate change and depletion of fishing stocks can be traced back to industrialisation. Picture: AP

We live in a world that was largely shaped by industrialists, but which is increasingly being transformed by technologists.

Innovations are getting faster and more efficient, technology is becoming more and more interconnected, and we are starting to see a merging of our digital and physical realms. This is the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

For most people, the first three industrial revolutions happened to them. They had little say or influence. So, the onset of the Fourth Industrial Revolution seems like a good time to ask if we are repeating the mistakes of the past and allowing this revolution to happen to us, or if we are deliberately shaping it to create the future we want?

Innovations in artificial intelligence, synthetic biology, and the internet of things will redesign many areas of our lives. It will disrupt and change jobs, transport systems, and the way we produce and consume goods.

The first three industrial revolutions led to many of our environmental problems. Unsafe levels of air pollution for 92% of the world’s population, climate change, the depletion of fishing stocks, toxins in rivers and soils, overflowing levels of waste, and deforestation can all be traced to industrialisation.

We now have a unique opportunity to harness the Fourth Industrial Revolution to help fix environmental issues and to redesign how we manage our global environment.

Innovation for earth

A PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) report identified the top 10 technologies that have the ability to address earth’s challenges. Tangible examples of how these technologies can help solve our environmental problems are already emerging.

Energy-Blockchain Labs and IBM have created a blockchain-based platform managing green assets like carbon credits, which is being used by the market in China. Others have suggested that blockchain technology could enable a global carbon market enabling individuals with low carbon footprints to sell their pollution rights to higher polluters.

Drones are being used to help monitor changes in local environments, track poachers and illegal loggers, improve agricultural techniques, support maintenance of renewable energy, and assist in recovery efforts from natural disasters. As drones are connected to big data and automated management systems, the potential environmental benefits will grow further.

Advanced satellite technology is also changing the face of earth observation and environmental management. In the past three months, not only did Google Earth receive a facelift, Nasa’s GOES-16 satellite also sent its first images to earth, and Planet Labs launched 88 nano satellites that together will provide a full earth image daily at resolutions of about 5m.

Digital Globe’s latest satellite can provide imagery at 30cm resolutions every four to five days.

As the resolution and frequency of images increases and is connected with new AI systems, remote sensing and big data, we will be able to better monitor everything from land-use change, groundwater availability, and wildlife movements through to traffic system efficiency.

Apps and platforms like Global Fishing Watch and Global Forest Watch are also enabling anyone with a smartphone to be a part of global environmental management.

What could go wrong?

In a world where data is the new oil, one of the biggest questions will be who owns and manages the data. Is data captured by drones or satellites owned by the company that launched the satellite, the one that manufactured the sensors, the one that controls the database, the owner of the phone app, the government agency that part-funded the venture, or the farmer who launched the drone above their land? Can environmental data be “democratised” so that it is owned by none but available to all?

A second risk is that new technologies are used to accelerate the damage to our environment, not fix it. Smart sensors, enhanced satellite imagery, big data analytics, and drone ships could be used to accelerate the speed and scale of illegal fishing, which already represents a theft of about 26 million tons, or $23 billion a year.

Lastly, technology development hubs like Silicon Valley risk becoming isolated bubbles where the primary drivers of technology research and development become the markets or the technology itself.

Developers are either trying to cash in, or they want to push the boundaries of what is possible. Like in past industrial revolutions, the funding models often reinforce these drivers, leaving little room for the development of public good technologies.

New operating system

To manage these risks and successfully harness the innovations of the Fourth Industrial Revolution for the good of the environment, we need a new, more inclusive, and more deliberate approach.

Environmental experts understand the problems, technology developers have a strong grasp of what is technologically possible, while funders, governments and civil society will define the “enabling environment” that could see such innovations succeed or fail.

Some innovations that benefit the environment will have strong commercial appeal; others will be in the public interest and will turn out to be public goods (like the internet). We need funding approaches, incubators, accelerators and mindsets that support a variety of models to thrive.

This cannot be left to any one group, or it risks being distorted by biases and either choking progress or delivering its benefits to a narrow few.

The World Economic Forum, in partnership with the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, PwC, and the Mava Foundation, has launched an initiative to fill this gap. We are inviting parties to contribute to this conversation and help create a new operating system for the environment.

We are hosting dialogues, producing insight reports that map Fourth Industrial Revolution innovations against environmental issues, and offering our new centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution in San Francisco as a focal point for stakeholders who are interested in shaping this future.

We are building an accelerator platform where these conversations can be turned into tangible and inclusive collaborations that help scale innovations and ensure that the Fourth Industrial Revolution is good for our planet and its people, not just the robots.

• Jahda Swanborough is lead of environment initiatives, World Economic Forum