Chapter 3 Supplementary Articles

http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/article-200192/energy In the early 19th century the Industrial Revolution was well underway. The many newly invented machines of the time were powered by the burning

The Second Law Again Let’s start by summarizing what we know so far (see previous page): The Second Law of Thermodynamics tells us that energy

http://schoolworkhelper.net/biotic-and-abiotic-factors-influence-on-ecosystems/ Both abiotic and biotic factors determine both where an organism can live and how much a population can grow.  A limiting factor is a factor that

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algal_bloom From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Taken in October 2011, the worst algae bloom that Lake Erie has experienced in decades. Record torrential spring rains washed fertilizer

http://www.universityherald.com/articles/13661/20141207/prescribed-drugs-in-the-environment-may-affect-plant-growth.htm Dec 07, 2014 03:37 AM EST Photo : Dr. Edwino S. Fernando) The growth of edible crops can be affected by a range of

Patterns In Nature: Barry Commoner’s Holocenosis http://www.patternsinnature.org/blog/2013/patterns-in-nature-barry-commoners-holocenosis/ Posted by William Graham on Jan 1, 2013 in Just Patterns How completely everything in wild nature fits into us, as

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detritus From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In biology, detritus (pronounced dee-try-tus) is non-living particulate organic material (as opposed todissolved organic material). It typically includes the bodies or fragments of dead organisms as

What is photosynthesis? http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Biology,_Answering_the_Big_Questions_of_Life/Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy

How to Describe the Parts of an Ecosystem by Kari Norborg Carter, Demand Media http://everydaylife.globalpost.com/describe-parts-ecosystem-36131.html The body of a higher animal, such as a mammal,

https://www.le.ac.uk/se/centres/sci/selfstudy/eco3.htm The main species typical of a particular habitat are called indicator species. Each habitat has its own diverse and characteristic assemblage of interacting living organisms

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trophic_level Trophic levels and Biomass The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies on the food chain. The word trophic derives from

http://www.ducksters.com/science/ecosystems/food_chain_and_web.php Every living plant and animal must have energy to survive. Plants rely on the soil, water, and the sun for energy. Animals rely on plants

Food Chains and Food Webs “What’s for dinner?” http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/foodchain/ Every organism needs to obtain energy in order to live. For example, plants get energy from

http://www.nwrfc.noaa.gov/info/water_cycle/hydrology.cgi This is an education module about the movement of water on the planet Earth. The module includes a discussion of water movement in the

The Hydrological Cycle (also known as the water cycle) is the journey water takes as it circulates from the land to the sky and back again.

http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/carbon-dioxide-accumulates-as-seas-and-forests-struggle-to-absorb-it-9722224.html Carbon dioxide is being accumulated in the atmosphere at the fastest rate since records began, as scientists warn that the oceans and forests may

Greenhouse Gases Hit Record High Amid Fears of CO2 Saturation Point http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/09/140909-record-greenhouse-gases-carbon-sinks-global-warming-ocean/ Data suggest natural “carbon sinks” may be nearing exhaustion, say some scientists, although

http://eschooltoday.com/ecosystems/the-nitrogen-cycle.html Nitrogen is also key in the existence of ecosystems and food chains. Nitrogen forms about 78% of the air on earth. But plants do

http://eschooltoday.com/ecosystems/the-carbon-cycle.html The carbon cycle is very important to all ecosystems, and ultimately life on earth. The carbon cycle is critical to the food chain. Living

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_web From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A food web (or food cycle) is the natural interconnection offood chains and generally a graphical representation (usually an image) of what-eats-what in

http://www.econguru.com/fundamentals_of_ecology/ecosystems.html Ecosystems An ecosystem extends a community by involving also the abiotic environment, that is, the physical and chemical environment. Energy flow and nutrient cycling(cycling

http://www.biologydiscussion.com/ecosystem/energy-flow-in-an-ecosystem-with-diagram/6740 Energy has been defined as the capacity to do work. Energy exists in two forms potential and kinetic. Potential energy is the energy at

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ecology/Energy_in_ecosystems An example of the concept of energy flow through trophic levels of a food chain. There are several different factors that control the primary

http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/e54/54c.htm The Flow of Energy in Ecosystems – Productivity, Food Chain, and Trophic Level As was explained in the last subchapter, the flow of energy

Primary production Main article: Primary production Primary production is the synthesis of new organic material from inorganic molecules such as H2O and CO2. It is dominated by the process of photosynthesis which

What Is an Autotroph? Explanation & Examples http://www.brighthubeducation.com/science-homework-help/109894-examples-of-autotrophs-plants-algae-and-bacteria/ Written by: Jarod Saucedo Edited by: Amanda Grove Updated: 10/17/2014 An autotroph is a being that can

http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/predation/predation.html Trophic Links: Predation and Parasitism We wish to learn: • how predators affect prey populations, and vice-versa • what stabilizes predator-prey interactions and prevents their collapse

http://www.eoearth.org/article/Predation Predation Published: December 28, 2009, 3:50 pm Lead Author: Mark McGinley Contributing Author: J. Emmett Duffy This article has been reviewed by the following

1 Cronyism http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronyism Cronyism is partiality to long-standing friends, especially by appointing them to positions of authority, regardless of their qualifications. Hence, cronyism is contrary

http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/mighty-mutualisms-the-nature-of-plant-pollinator-13235427  By: Carol L. Landry (Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University) © 2010 Nature Education Citation: Landry, C. (2010) Mighty Mutualisms: The Nature of Plant-pollinator Interactions. Nature Education Knowledge 3(10):37 Mutualistic

http://www.ms-starship.com/sciencenew/symbiosis.htm Dave Abbott Dip. Marine Studies [NZ] May 2000.Symbiosis Symbiosis basically means ‘living together’ and in the context of marine biology refers to a close

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiosis Symbiosis (mutualism, commensalism, amensalism) In a symbiotic commensalism, the clownfish feeds on small invertebrates which otherwise potentially could harm the sea anemone, and the

http://www.ms-starship.com/sciencenew/symbiosis.htm Dave Abbott Dip. Marine Studies [NZ] May 2000.Symbiosis Symbiosis basically means ‘living together’ and in the context of marine biology refers to a close

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiosis Symbiosis (mutualism, commensalism, amensalism) In a symbiotic commensalism, the clownfish feeds on small invertebrates which otherwise potentially could harm the sea anemone, and the

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ecology/Parasitism This is an example of a parasite that can cause Chagas disease Parasitism is a form of living in which two organisms that are phylogenically

Behavioural pattern Behavioural pattern describes an animal’s dominant way of life. Arboreal animals, for example, live in trees and nocturnal animals are active at night.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/adaptations Adaptations help organisms survive in their ecological niche or habitat; adaptations can be anatomical, behavioural or physiological. Anatomical adaptations are physical features such as

http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/adaptations PLEASE REFER TO BBC WEBSITE FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PHOTOGRAPHS Adaptations help organisms survive in their ecological niche or habitat; adaptations can be anatomical, behavioural or

http://www.wildernesscollege.com/ecosystem-succession.html Ecosystem succession, also called “ecological succession,” is the process through which a natural community of plants and animals changes after a disturbance. It is

http://www.barrameda.com.ar/ecology/the-ecosystem.htm Towards 1950 the ecologists elaborated the scientific notion of ecosystem, defining it as the unit of study of ecology. In agreement with such definition,

The concept of succession was first clearly put forth by Clements (1916). The classical use of the term involves three fundamental concepts (after Mitsch and Gosselink, 1986):

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Daintree Rainforest in Queensland, Australia is an example of a climax forest ecosystem. In ecology, climax community, or climatic climax community, is a historic term that

Introduction Succession is a directional non-seasonal cumulative change in the types of plantspecies that occupy a given area through time. It involves the processes of colonization, establishment, and

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeostasis Homeostasis Homeostasis (from Greek: ὅμοιος, hómoios, “similar”; and στάσις, stásis, “standing still”; defined by Claude Bernard and later by Walter Bradford Cannon in 1926,

http://www.biology4kids.com/files/systems_regulation.html Homeostasis is a term that is used to both describe the survival of organisms in an ecosystem and to describe the successful survival of

by Kari Norborg Carter, Demand Media http://everydaylife.globalpost.com/happens-something-disrupts-ecosystem-38354.html Ecosystems are dynamic, ever-changing communities of interdependent organisms and their environment. When disaster strikes, natural ecosystems can be

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Lake and Mulga ecosystems with alternative stable states[1] In ecology, resilience is the capacity of an ecosystem to respond to a perturbation or disturbance by resisting

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disturbance_(ecology) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Damages of storm Kyrill in Wittgenstein, Germany. In biology, a disturbance is a temporary change in environmental conditions that causes a pronounced change in an ecosystem.

rom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Tourism carrying capacity is a now antiquated approach to managing visitors in protected areas and national parks which evolved out

Aug 1, 2006 Jim Gerrish http://beefmagazine.com/mag/beef_stocking_rate_vs I’ve found recently that a number of cattlemen and other livestock producers really don’t understand the difference between stocking rate